Disclaimer

Last updated: 2026-06-01

Results are reference estimates

The output of all calculators, decoders, quick-reference tables and simulators provided by Circflow consists of reference estimates based on formulas and public standards, meant for learning and preliminary design reference. They do not constitute professional engineering advice.

Extra care when physical hardware is involved

The categories below bear directly on hardware safety and manufacturability; before use, always check against the latest standards and the specific device datasheet:

• PCB trace width / current capacity: based on the classic IPC-2221 empirical formula; for precise design refer to IPC-2152 and your actual stack-up, copper thickness and thermal conditions.
• AWG current capacity: varies greatly with insulation, bundling, ambient temperature and routing method; follow local codes (such as the NEC).
• Package/pad dimensions, device pinouts: defer to the device datasheet and footprint library; pin order varies by part number/batch/board.
• Logic levels, ESP32 GPIO, JTAG/SWD power pins: wiring levels/power incorrectly can damage devices, so always cross-check against the official electrical specs and debugger manual.
• Battery life: includes an empirical efficiency factor and is affected by temperature, discharge curve and aging — only an order-of-magnitude estimate.

No liability

To the extent permitted by law, Circflow accepts no liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from use of this site's results (including but not limited to device damage, design rework, downtime or financial loss). Whether to act on this site's results is your own judgment and at your own risk.

External links

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Found an incorrect value? That matters a lot to us — please let us know, and we'll verify the source and correct it. Data sources are listed under Primary Sources.